El pequeño secreto sucio de la hipótesis de la dieta y el corazón

Pequeño resumen:

-No se ha confirmado que las grasas saturadas sean malas para el colesterol.
-Colesterol LDL o total alto no significa riesgo cardiovascular.
 
La cuestión es que la mayoría de la gente con colesterol alto consigue disminuirlo dejando de consumir grasas saturadas y grasas trans así que alguna relación tendrán.
 
en un principio puede q no a largo plazo,,,,,,,,vienen las complicaciones,,,,ygual q con los farmacos al principio q belleza y a largo plazo q desgarcia
 
Buen aporte...__genial__

Yo me la paso tomando leche entera(2 litros diarios facil), comiendo huevos, carnes rojas y pollo. Y no tengo colesterol. Para mi lo que hace mal al corazón es comer tortas en exceso por ejemplo xD.

Saludos
 
La cuestión es que la mayoría de la gente con colesterol alto consigue disminuirlo dejando de consumir grasas saturadas y grasas trans así que alguna relación tendrán.

Las grasas trans, ni deberían de existir.

Con respecto a las grasas saturadas, te recomiendo que mires este papel del ACJN.

Saludos
 
Bien, ?y que podria ocurrir si no consumes practicamente grasa saturada ni colesterol en la dieta? -pero si grasas omega 3y6?
 
Bien, ?y que podria ocurrir si no consumes practicamente grasa saturada ni colesterol en la dieta? -pero si grasas omega 3y6?

Tu hígado comenzará a creara más colesterol y tu cerebro te pedirá carbohidratos (dulce) para convertirlos en grasa saturada.
 
Bien, ?y que podria ocurrir si no consumes practicamente grasa saturada ni colesterol en la dieta? -pero si grasas omega 3y6?

Sino consumieras grasas saturadas, pues eso ya dependeria del sujeto en cuestion.
La grasa saturada como ya se sabe no es beneficiosa si se abusa de ella, pero por otro lado es una gran fuente de energia. No obstante, esa fuente de energia se puede obtener de otros medios, por lo tanto, su consumo puede ser perfectamente eliminado de la dieta.

Por lo que se refiere, a las grasas insaturadas, si que son necesarias porque te aportan muchos beneficios.
 
Sino consumieras grasas saturadas, pues eso ya dependeria del sujeto en cuestion.
La grasa saturada como ya se sabe no es beneficiosa si se abusa de ella, pero por otro lado es una gran fuente de energia. No obstante, esa fuente de energia se puede obtener de otros medios, por lo tanto, su consumo puede ser perfectamente eliminado de la dieta.

Por lo que se refiere, a las grasas insaturadas, si que son necesarias porque te aportan muchos beneficios.

Las grasas saturadas tienen propiedades anticancerigenas, antivirales, mejoran la salud dental, mejoran el sistema inmune, etc...

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Saturated Fat: What dietary intake?
Butyric acid
Short-chain fatty acids are hydrolyzed preferentially from triacylglycerols and absorbed from the intestine to the portal circulation without resynthesis of triacylglycerols. These fatty acids serve as a ready source of energy, and there is only a low tendency for them to form adipose (69). Butyric acid (4:0) is the shortest saturated fatty acid and is present in ruminant milk fat at 2–5% by weight (70), which on a molar basis is approximately one-third the amount of palmitic acid. Human milk contains a lower percentage (0.4%) of butyric acid. No other common food fat contains this fatty acid.

Butyrate is a well-known modulator of genetic regulation (71, 72), and it also may play a role in cancer prevention (73). Published information thus far indicates that butyric acid exhibits contradictory and paradoxical behavior (74). Although butyric acid is an important energy source for the normal colonic epithelium, is an inducer of the growth of colonic mucosa, and is a modulator of the immune response and inflammation, it also functions as an antitumor agent by inhibiting growth and promoting differentiation and apoptosis (75).

Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids
In bovine and human milk, caproic acid (6:0) is present at 1% and 0.1% of milk fat, respectively, and caprylic acid (8:0) and capric acid (10:0) are present at 0.3% and 1.2% of milk fat, respectively. Goat milk contains the highest percentage of caprylic acid, at 2.7% of milk fat. These 3 fatty acids have similar biological activities. Both caprylic acid and capric acid have antiviral activity, and when formed from capric acid in the animal body, monocaprin has antiviral activity against HIV (76, 77). Caprylic acid has also been reported to have antitumor activity in mice (78). Negative effects of these fatty acids on CAD and cholesterol have not been a dietary issue.

Lauric acid

Lauric acid (12:0) is a medium-chain fatty acid that is present in human and bovine milk at 5.8% and 2.2% of milk fat, respectively. This fatty acid has been recognized for its antiviral (79) and antibacterial (80, 81) functions. Recent results suggest that Helicobacter pylori present in stomach contents (but not necessarily within the mucus barrier) should be rapidly killed by the millimolar concentrations of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols that are produced by preintestinal lipases acting on suitable triacylglycerols, such as those present in milk fat (82). Lauric acid is also effective as an anticaries and antiplaque agent (83). Medium-chain saturated fatty acids and their monoacylglycerol derivatives can have adverse effects on various microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and enveloped viruses, by disrupting the lipid membranes of the organisms and thus inactivating them (84, 85). This deactivation process also occurs in human and bovine milk when fatty acids are added to milk (86, 87). The release of monolaurin from milk lipids by human milk lipases may be involved in the resulting antiprotozoal functions (88, 89). One study indicated that one antimicrobial effect against bacteria is related to the interference of monolaurin with signal transduction or toxin formation (90). In addition to disrupting membranes to inactivate viruses, lauric acid has an effect on virus reproduction by interfering with assembly and maturation, ie, cells make the components of the virus, but their assembly is inhibited (79).

Myristic acid
Bovine milk fat contains 8–14% myristic acid (14:0), and in human milk, myristic acid averages 8.6% of milk fat. As stated above, myristic acid is one of the major saturated fatty acids that have been associated with an increased risk of CAD, and human epidemiologic studies have shown that myristic acid and lauric acid are the saturated fatty acids most strongly related to average serum cholesterol concentrations. However, in healthy subjects, although myristic acid is hypercholesterolemic, it increased both LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with oleic acid (68).

Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid (16:0) is present in human and bovine milk at 22.6% and 26.3% of milk fat, respectively. Palmitic acid in triacylglycerols in human milk is predominantly esterified in the sn-2 position of the molecule. Feeding human infants a formula containing triacylglycerols similar to those in human milk (16% palmitic acid esterified predominantly in the sn-2 position) has significant effects on fatty acid intestinal absorption (91, 92). Myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids are better absorbed from human-like milk than from standard formula, without a change in total fat fecal excretion. Mineral balance is improved in comparison with a conventional formula, as shown by lower fecal calcium excretion, higher urinary calcium, and lower urinary phosphate. The specific distribution of the fatty acids in the triacylglycerol is known to play a key role in lipid digestion and absorption. Because pancreatic lipase selectively hydrolyzes triacylglycerols at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions, free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglyceriols are produced. Free palmitic acid, but not 2-monopalmitin (which is efficiently absorbed), may be lost as a calcium-fatty acid soap in the feces. A comparison between the effects of dietary laurate-myristate and the effects of palmitic acid in normolipemic humans showed that palmitic acid lowers serum cholesterol (93). In humans, replacement of dietary laurate-myristate with palmitate-oleate has a beneficial effect on an important index of thrombogenesis, ie, the ratio of thromboxane to prostacyclin in plasma (94).

Stearic acid

Dietary stearic acid (18:0) is derived primarily from bovine meat and dairy products. Stearic acid is present in human and bovine milk at 7.7% and 13.2% of milk fat, respectively. In relation to the question of their effects on serum cholesterol, stearic acid and saturated fatty acids with <12 carbon atoms are thought not to increase cholesterol concentrations (95). Dietary stearic acid decreases plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption. Recent data from studies with hamsters, which have a lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary saturated fat that is similar to that of humans, suggest that reduced cholesterol absorption by dietary stearic acid is due, at least in part, to reduced cholesterol solubility and further suggest that stearic acid may alter the microflora populations that synthesize secondary bile acids (96).

The absorption of stearic acid from triacylglycerols containing only oleate and stearate depends on the position of esterification. 2-Monstearin is well absorbed if the stearic acid is esterified at the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerol. If the triacylglycerol is esterified at the sn-1 or the sn-3 position, it is released as free stearic acid, and in the presence of calcium and magnesium, it is poorly absorbed (97). In a study of the effects of dietary fat on serum lipid and lipoporoteion concentrations, the absorption of dietary oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid was similar, which indicates that differential effects of these fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol are not due to differential absorption (98). Another study in humans also indicated that, even though stearic acid appears to have different metabolic effects with respect to its effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease than do other saturated fatty acids (95), reduced stearic acid absorption does not appear to be responsible for the differences in plasma lipoprotein responses (99).

Compared with consumption of dietary palmitic acid, consumption of dietary stearic acid (19 g/d) for 4 wk by healthy males produced beneficial effects on thrombogenic and atherogenic risk factors (100). Mean platelet volume, coagulation factor VII activity, and plasma lipid concentrations decreased significantly with consumption of the stearic acid diet, whereas platelet aggregation increased significantly with consumption of the palmitic acid diet. A subsequent study showed no alteration in plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, or platelet activation in short-term (3 wk) feeding trials when stearic acid and palmitic acid were provided in commercially available foods (101). An interesting finding in a study of the association between the composition of serum free fatty acids and the risk of a first myocardial infarction was that the percentage content of both very-long-chain n–3 fatty acids and stearic acid is inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. The investigators speculated that the very-long-chain n–3 fatty acids might reflect diet but also that these 2 free fatty acids might in some way be related to the pathogenetic process and not just reflect their content in adipose tissue (102).
 
Yo consumo carbohidratos complejos como fuente de energia . . . . . . . . . Y grasa tomo 1-2 gr por kilo de peso. Me viene del aceite de oliva, nueces y pescado. . . . . . . La mayoria que tomo es omega 3,y en menor proporcion omega 6. . . . . . Grasa saturada y colesterol no tomo practicamente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??es malo esto que hago?? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pd: Hago deporte, cardio y pesas x salud y mi dieta es 50 xciento carbos 30 xciento grasa y 20 xciento proteina.
 
Las grasas trans, ni deberían de existir.

Con respecto a las grasas saturadas, te recomiendo que mires este papel del ACJN.

Saludos

Gracias por la info, prácticamente todo lo que dice lo he leído sesgado por otros lados, sólo digo que, en la práctica, y lo sé por mi abuela por ejemplo, el simple hecho de reducir la ingesta de grasas saturadas, recomendación de su médico, redujo su colesterol y con ese infinitos casos más.

E inversamente, sucede lo mismo, hablo de casos de gente que conozco personalmente que al hacer una dieta alta en grasas le ha subido el colesterol.

Por último, afirmar que colesterol y riesgo cardiovascular no tienen relación me parece una temeridad, quizás no sea proporcional o no esté arraigado de la forma extrema que se creía, pero está más que demostrado, o sino acércate a un hospital a la planta de cardiología y pregúntale a unos señores con bata blanca que pasean por ahí.

Yo personalmente, llevo una dieta alta en grasas, pero no predominan las saturadas.

Saludos.
 
Las grasas saturadas tienen propiedades anticancerigenas, antivirales, mejoran la salud dental, mejoran el sistema inmune, etc...

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Saturated Fat: What dietary intake?
Butyric acid
Short-chain fatty acids are hydrolyzed preferentially from triacylglycerols and absorbed from the intestine to the portal circulation without resynthesis of triacylglycerols. These fatty acids serve as a ready source of energy, and there is only a low tendency for them to form adipose (69). Butyric acid (4:0) is the shortest saturated fatty acid and is present in ruminant milk fat at 2–5% by weight (70), which on a molar basis is approximately one-third the amount of palmitic acid. Human milk contains a lower percentage (0.4%) of butyric acid. No other common food fat contains this fatty acid.

Butyrate is a well-known modulator of genetic regulation (71, 72), and it also may play a role in cancer prevention (73). Published information thus far indicates that butyric acid exhibits contradictory and paradoxical behavior (74). Although butyric acid is an important energy source for the normal colonic epithelium, is an inducer of the growth of colonic mucosa, and is a modulator of the immune response and inflammation, it also functions as an antitumor agent by inhibiting growth and promoting differentiation and apoptosis (75).

Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids
In bovine and human milk, caproic acid (6:0) is present at 1% and 0.1% of milk fat, respectively, and caprylic acid (8:0) and capric acid (10:0) are present at 0.3% and 1.2% of milk fat, respectively. Goat milk contains the highest percentage of caprylic acid, at 2.7% of milk fat. These 3 fatty acids have similar biological activities. Both caprylic acid and capric acid have antiviral activity, and when formed from capric acid in the animal body, monocaprin has antiviral activity against HIV (76, 77). Caprylic acid has also been reported to have antitumor activity in mice (78). Negative effects of these fatty acids on CAD and cholesterol have not been a dietary issue.

Lauric acid

Lauric acid (12:0) is a medium-chain fatty acid that is present in human and bovine milk at 5.8% and 2.2% of milk fat, respectively. This fatty acid has been recognized for its antiviral (79) and antibacterial (80, 81) functions. Recent results suggest that Helicobacter pylori present in stomach contents (but not necessarily within the mucus barrier) should be rapidly killed by the millimolar concentrations of fatty acids and monoacylglycerols that are produced by preintestinal lipases acting on suitable triacylglycerols, such as those present in milk fat (82). Lauric acid is also effective as an anticaries and antiplaque agent (83). Medium-chain saturated fatty acids and their monoacylglycerol derivatives can have adverse effects on various microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and enveloped viruses, by disrupting the lipid membranes of the organisms and thus inactivating them (84, 85). This deactivation process also occurs in human and bovine milk when fatty acids are added to milk (86, 87). The release of monolaurin from milk lipids by human milk lipases may be involved in the resulting antiprotozoal functions (88, 89). One study indicated that one antimicrobial effect against bacteria is related to the interference of monolaurin with signal transduction or toxin formation (90). In addition to disrupting membranes to inactivate viruses, lauric acid has an effect on virus reproduction by interfering with assembly and maturation, ie, cells make the components of the virus, but their assembly is inhibited (79).

Myristic acid
Bovine milk fat contains 8–14% myristic acid (14:0), and in human milk, myristic acid averages 8.6% of milk fat. As stated above, myristic acid is one of the major saturated fatty acids that have been associated with an increased risk of CAD, and human epidemiologic studies have shown that myristic acid and lauric acid are the saturated fatty acids most strongly related to average serum cholesterol concentrations. However, in healthy subjects, although myristic acid is hypercholesterolemic, it increased both LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with oleic acid (68).

Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid (16:0) is present in human and bovine milk at 22.6% and 26.3% of milk fat, respectively. Palmitic acid in triacylglycerols in human milk is predominantly esterified in the sn-2 position of the molecule. Feeding human infants a formula containing triacylglycerols similar to those in human milk (16% palmitic acid esterified predominantly in the sn-2 position) has significant effects on fatty acid intestinal absorption (91, 92). Myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids are better absorbed from human-like milk than from standard formula, without a change in total fat fecal excretion. Mineral balance is improved in comparison with a conventional formula, as shown by lower fecal calcium excretion, higher urinary calcium, and lower urinary phosphate. The specific distribution of the fatty acids in the triacylglycerol is known to play a key role in lipid digestion and absorption. Because pancreatic lipase selectively hydrolyzes triacylglycerols at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions, free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglyceriols are produced. Free palmitic acid, but not 2-monopalmitin (which is efficiently absorbed), may be lost as a calcium-fatty acid soap in the feces. A comparison between the effects of dietary laurate-myristate and the effects of palmitic acid in normolipemic humans showed that palmitic acid lowers serum cholesterol (93). In humans, replacement of dietary laurate-myristate with palmitate-oleate has a beneficial effect on an important index of thrombogenesis, ie, the ratio of thromboxane to prostacyclin in plasma (94).

Stearic acid

Dietary stearic acid (18:0) is derived primarily from bovine meat and dairy products. Stearic acid is present in human and bovine milk at 7.7% and 13.2% of milk fat, respectively. In relation to the question of their effects on serum cholesterol, stearic acid and saturated fatty acids with <12 carbon atoms are thought not to increase cholesterol concentrations (95). Dietary stearic acid decreases plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption. Recent data from studies with hamsters, which have a lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary saturated fat that is similar to that of humans, suggest that reduced cholesterol absorption by dietary stearic acid is due, at least in part, to reduced cholesterol solubility and further suggest that stearic acid may alter the microflora populations that synthesize secondary bile acids (96).

The absorption of stearic acid from triacylglycerols containing only oleate and stearate depends on the position of esterification. 2-Monstearin is well absorbed if the stearic acid is esterified at the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerol. If the triacylglycerol is esterified at the sn-1 or the sn-3 position, it is released as free stearic acid, and in the presence of calcium and magnesium, it is poorly absorbed (97). In a study of the effects of dietary fat on serum lipid and lipoporoteion concentrations, the absorption of dietary oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid was similar, which indicates that differential effects of these fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol are not due to differential absorption (98). Another study in humans also indicated that, even though stearic acid appears to have different metabolic effects with respect to its effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease than do other saturated fatty acids (95), reduced stearic acid absorption does not appear to be responsible for the differences in plasma lipoprotein responses (99).

Compared with consumption of dietary palmitic acid, consumption of dietary stearic acid (19 g/d) for 4 wk by healthy males produced beneficial effects on thrombogenic and atherogenic risk factors (100). Mean platelet volume, coagulation factor VII activity, and plasma lipid concentrations decreased significantly with consumption of the stearic acid diet, whereas platelet aggregation increased significantly with consumption of the palmitic acid diet. A subsequent study showed no alteration in plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, or platelet activation in short-term (3 wk) feeding trials when stearic acid and palmitic acid were provided in commercially available foods (101). An interesting finding in a study of the association between the composition of serum free fatty acids and the risk of a first myocardial infarction was that the percentage content of both very-long-chain n–3 fatty acids and stearic acid is inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. The investigators speculated that the very-long-chain n–3 fatty acids might reflect diet but also that these 2 free fatty acids might in some way be related to the pathogenetic process and not just reflect their content in adipose tissue (102).

Pablo, que tipo de respuesta es esta? si quieres ayudar no seas pedante, creo que todos aqui sabemos de las propiedades de las grasas saturadas. Y tambien sabras que en exceso son malas, no vas a basar tu dieta de un 30 a un 70% en toma de grasas no? La vitamina C es buenisima, pero en exceso da muchos problemas.

A ver si nos acostumbramos a poner un articulo y defenderlo si, pero no como si fuese el Ultimo Testamento, o Los Santos Evangelios.

No se si se me entiende. Espero que si.


coleste2.gif
 
Atrás
Arriba